Defensive Edge: Adapting Red Team Hardware for IR

- Posted in Incident Response by
Background: Red team specialists often use specialized hardware during operations. However, don't worry—this hardware isn't exclusive to red teams. Incident responders also can use some of hardware [...] Read more

Cross-Linux Distro Forensic Data Collection Techniques for IR

- Posted in Incident Response by
Background: One of the IR stages is the "collection" stage, which occurs between containment and analysis. We sometimes need to collect evidence from Kubernetes pods or Docker containers, which can [...] Read more

Evidence Collection on Linux Without External Toolkits

- Posted in Incident Response by
Background: During incident response, time constraints can make it difficult to fully understand the scope of an incident. This challenge becomes even greater when our existing toolset does not [...] Read more

Part5: Kernel protection preventive mechanisms in Linux systems and methods for monitoring them (Lockdown Mode)

- Posted in Hardenings by
Background: The Linux kernel lockdown mode was introduced in Linux kernel version 5.4. Its purpose is to help protect the kernel from actions that could compromise the confidentiality or integrity of [...] Read more

Part4: Kernel protection preventive mechanisms in Linux systems and methods for monitoring them (SLUB)

- Posted in Hardenings by
Background: As we continue our journey into the mechanisms of kernel protection toolsets and monitoring, let's focus on our next candidate: SLUB. In simple terms, SLUB (the Unqueued Slab Allocator) [...] Read more

Part3: Kernel protection preventive mechanisms in Linux systems and methods for monitoring them (Kernel address space layout randomization)

- Posted in Hardenings by
Background: As we continue our discovery of Linux kernel protection mechanisms, we should also look at the built-in capability called Kernel Address Space Layout Randomization (KASLR). KASLR’s [...] Read more

Part2: Kernel protection preventive mechanisms in Linux systems and methods for monitoring them

- Posted in Hardenings by
Background: In our previous article, I described one method to prevent or monitor harmful activities that can be carried out against the Linux kernel, focusing on the research of SELinux [...] Read more

Part1: Kernel protection preventive mechanisms in Linux systems and methods for monitoring them

- Posted in Hardenings by
The Linux kernel implements several protection mechanisms, including: Lockdown mode (Kernel, kernel security feature) SLUB/SLAB hardening (Kernel, kernel security feature) Kernel Address Space Layout [...] Read more

Investigating Malicious Activity in WSL Environments

- Posted in Threat Analyze by
Background: Some XDR and EDR solutions are not effective when dealing with threats hidden inside WSL. In certain cases, it can also be challenging for digital forensic specialists to detect threats [...] Read more

Supply Chain Risk: Exploiting Abandoned Domains of Linux Package Maintainers

- Posted in Other by
Background: In my recent articles, we discussed a lot various supply chain attack scenarios. This led me to think about a new type of supply chain attack, specifically targeting Linux package [...] Read more
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